引言英语教师的重要任务之一是指导学生提升词汇学习效果。如何帮助学生克服遗忘、如何指导学生在语境中准确理解词义、如何在有限的课堂时间内教学词汇是教师们必须解决的问题。卡西欧电子辞典收录了包括《柯林斯COBUILD英汉双解辞典》《牛津英语搭配辞典》等在内的十余本权威工具书,其单词查询、例句查询、搭配查询等功能使学生快速查询到词汇的用法,为教师在课堂上有效指导学生进行自主词汇学习提供了帮助。利用辞典学习词汇的实质就是教会学生学习词汇的方法,而不是简单地告诉他们词汇的知识。这样做将提高学生自主学习的能力,为学生的可持续性学习打下坚实基础。本期刊登清华大学附属中学程惠云老师的词汇教学案例,供读者参考。教师手记:笔者在教学中积极探索符合词汇认知规律和高中学生认知能力的词汇学习模式——利用双解辞典学习词汇。按照在语境中猜词—在语境中辨别词性和搭配—查辞典验证—使用目标词的学习步骤,培养学生利用辞典学习词汇的学习策略。这种词汇学习方法为学生提供了一种高频率使用已知词汇,在语境中学习和复习词汇的便利途径。更值得一提的是,这种词汇学习方法能够有效提高学生的语言意识。学生一旦掌握了利用辞典学习词汇的方法,就能够在平时的阅读中更加有意识地学习词汇,随时请教辞典,从而掌握词汇学习的主动性;他们就有可能带着批判的思维进入词汇学习课堂,从而提升词汇学习课堂师生互动的可能性。教学案例教学设备:CASIO E-SF99英汉电子辞典 案例1 目的:学习动词的句型聚焦:动词和名词或代词的搭配时间:5分钟准备:需要学习的动词步骤: 1.理解课文后,划出目标词汇。(1) ..., Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.(2) The man was accused of stealing money. 2.要求学生根据语境猜测词义,判断词性和搭配。3.双人活动。同桌两人分别独立用电子辞典查出目标词的词义和用法,分享结果,并写在笔记本上。(见图一、二、三、四)4.学生在黑板上写出所造的句子。全班点评。案例2目的:学习/复习名词聚焦:与名词搭配的形容词和动词时间:5分钟准备:需要学习/复习的名词步骤:1.学生观察例句中或思考出名词与动词或形容词搭配。reward, wage, harvest, effort, contribution2.同桌两人交换意见,分享结果。查辞典完成任务。(见图五、六、七、八)3.与教师对照答案。教师应有意提示所使用的辞典名称,让学生熟悉工具书的种类。4.完成练习。
v. | Adj. | n. |
earn, enjoy, get, obtain, reap
| considerable, huge, high | a reward |
pay, earn, live on, hold down, cut
| decent, fair, good, fair, low, inadequate
| wages |
have, bring in, get in
| abundant, rich, disastrous, poor
| a harvest (of) |
take, demand, devote, spare no time, make
| great, hard, considerable
| effort |
make | significant, great, huge, small, modest
| a contribution |
(1)This year he ________ a _________ harvest of corn because of a severe flood. (2)He takes exercise every day and eventually _______ a ________ reward. His health has improved immensely. (3)This family of five _________ the father’s __________ wages.(4)The scientist Yuan Longping has __________ contribution to the mankind by doubling the output of rice several times.(5)Protecting the environment effort.Possible answers:(1)got in, disastrous (2) reaps, huge (3) live on, poor (4) made a significant (5) deman辞典ds, great 案例3 目的:学习动词和名词聚焦:动词与名词或代词的搭配时间:10分钟准备:需要学习的动词步骤:1.理解课文之后,划出目标词汇。(1) ..., a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man. (2)The eruption occurred on August 24th, 79 AD.(3)In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.(4)The bodies of people who had died in Pompeii left impressions in the ash that showed their exact shapes.(5)It is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.(6) One can only feel sorrow and deep sympathy for these once-living status.2.根据语境猜测词义,判断词性和搭配。3. 双人活动,利用辞典完成练习。例如:occur 的过去时和动词句型(见图九、十) occur 的名词形式(见图十一)monument 的介词搭配(见图十二)4.教授 occur, preserve, sympathize和impress的基本用法。教师让学生在黑板上写出所造的句子,并点明词汇的意思和搭配用法。全班点评句子。例如:The earthquake occurred at around two o’clock in the evening. 学生: occur为不及物动词,意思是“发生”。(鼓励学生用英文解释) An idea has occurred to me.学生: An idea has come into my mind. Here “occur” means “to come into a person’s mind”. 课后反思:有些学生一开始不太习惯阅读英语释义。一方面是因为看不见中文心里感觉不踏实、不习惯,另一方面是因为释义中有生词。要解决这个问题,教师可以推荐学生使用有单词跳查功能的优质电子辞典,如卡西欧电子辞典。当学生遇到释义中的生词时,只要使用卡西欧辞典的单词跳查功能就能迅速查到这个词的意思,然后返回原来的页面。开始时,学生的学习速度会很慢。教师可在课堂上设计较少学习活动。活动的主要目的是教给学生学习的方法。教师可适当布置查辞典的家庭作业让学生完成,但布置家庭作业时一定要有明确的要求。随着学生学习能力的提高,学生在课堂上用辞典学习单词的速度会越来越快。课堂上使用辞典学习词汇的时间最好控制在10至20分钟内。时间过长容易使学生的注意力过于分散,从而导致课堂效率降低。多种词汇的学习方法和讲解方法要穿插配合使用,这样的效果才最好。