新闻类阅读理解模拟训练(111022)-高三英语阅读(590)-21英语网

A

难度：★★★★ 话题：Healthy eating 建议时间：7分钟文章词数：379 正确率： /4

Despite years of attention and growing concern about the problem of childhood obesity (肥胖), there’s been little sign of improvement. More than one third of US children and teens are overweight or obese, according to the latest figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Obesity has more than doubled in children and quadrupled (变成四倍) in adolescents over the past 30 years.

New guidelines published Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) seek to reverse (逆转) this by placing greater emphasis on the prevention of childhood obesity, not just the treatment.

The new AAP guidelines – which replaces a set of guidelines first issued in 2003 – urge pediatricians (儿科医生) to play a more active role in children’s weight management. The group says that training pediatricians to recognize children at risk for obesity early on, and working with families to address those issues before a child’s weight problem becomes extreme, may be more effective than focusing on treatment and reversing behavior later.

The pediatricians’ group says risk factors for childhood obesity can begin before a child is even born. Doctors are urged to be aware of “risk factors” for pregnant (怀孕的) women, including the parents’ obesity or a mother smoking during pregnancy. A baby who is never breastfed (母乳喂养的), doesn’t sleep enough, and gains weight rapidly also faces increased risk.

Educating parents and children about healthy eating habits is also important, the guidelines say, but just lecturing alone is not enough.

Pediatricians may need to offer practical information about how parents can obtain the kinds of nutritious foods recommended for children. “For example, in communities where access to fresh vegetables and fruits is limited, informing families about farmers’ markets or local food stores that have a good supply of frozen vegetables and fruits” may help, the guidelines say.

Doctors should also encourage families to “buy fewer of the foods that are associated with the development of obesity, such as sweetened beverages (including fruit-flavored drinks), high-calorie snacks, or sweets”. Replace a cookie jar with a fruit bowl, and store treats out of children’s sight.

In addition to a healthier diet, the report also stresses the importance of physical activity. It recommends 60 minutes of active play time a day and no more than two hours a day of “screen time” using computers, video games and TV.

1. What do the new guidelines published by AAP mainly focus on?

A. The treatment of childhood obesity.

B. The reversal of teenagers’ improper behavior.

C. The prevention of childhood obesity.

D. The role schools should play in obesity prevention.

2. According to the article, children _______ are more at the risk of obesity.

A. whose mothers do little exercise during pregnancy

B. whose mothers smoke during pregnancy

C. who are breastfed after birth

D. who eat well and sleep for a long time

3. What are children advised to do to prevent obesity?

A. Eat more vegetables than fruit.

B. Eat nutritious food instead of junk food.

C. Stop playing video games and watching TV.

D. Do exercise for more than two hours each day.

4. What is the article mainly about?

A. New guidelines to prevent childhood obesity.

B. New ways to treat childhood obesity.

C. The possible harm of childhood obesity.

D. The causes of growing childhood obesity in America.

B

难度：★★★★ 话题：Environmental protection 建议时间：8分钟文章词数：400 正确率： /4

While the dangers of climate change attract more attention than other environmental issues, the problems of waste and toxics (有毒物质) also continue – and are worthy of attention and action. One of the fastest growing environmental problems of the past decade has been the rapid increase in electronic waste. As society has moved from the iPhone 2 to the iPhone 6, all of those old iPhones have had to go somewhere. Tablets, PCs, old TVs, DVD players and countless other devices (设备) are nearly always abandoned before their useful life is over. Many of these devices contain small amounts of toxic materials. When they are thrown away, these toxics can enter our garbage (垃圾) system. That system is not designed to handle dangerous waste.

Here in New York City, efforts to manage electronic waste began during Mayor Bloomberg’s PlaNYC program and continue under Mayor de Blasio’s OneNYC. This past January, New York City and New York State started a ban on disposing (处理) of electronic waste with regular garbage. New Yorkers who throw their iPhone into the garbage could be subject to a $100 fine.

While the city will not pick up electronics for you, 90 locations throughout the city, including Best Buy and Staples stores and the Salvation Army, will accept electronics that are not needed any more. In partnership with Electronic Recyclers International, the city began a collection program in November 2013 at apartment buildings. Buildings provide rooms or large containers for local people who need to throw their old devices away. Buildings can also decide on specific days for collection.

However, consumers alone cannot address the issue of electronic waste. The companies that build and sell these devices must play a key role. Now it isn’t the time to get into the short lives of iPhones or whether or not this is planned, but if these products are going to be replaced so often then Apple and its competitors must design the phones to be easily taken apart for raw materials or parts to be used in other devices. This effort to recycle should become part of the design for engineers working on the next generation of electronic toys. In addition, companies should be offering rewards for consumers who trade in their old model to receive a new one. The production chain from producer to market should become a closed loop, with the product going back to an organization that can make some use of it.

5. What is the fastest-growing environmental problem of the past decade according to the article?

A. Global warming. B. Electronic waste.

C. Air pollution. D. Population growth.

6. What measures have been taken in New York City to manage electronic waste?

A. New Yorkers who throw away used iPhones now receive a $100 fine.

B. The city picks up electronic waste on certain days each month.

C. All apartment buildings in the city now provide rooms to collect electronic waste.

D. New Yorkers can now throw away unneeded electronics in specific locations throughout the city.

7. Who should play a key role in dealing with electronic waste according to the article?

A. Consumers. B. Local governments.

C. Production companies. D. International organizations.

8. What is the best way to reduce electronic waste according to the author?

A. Consumers should use electronics up to the end of their useful life.

B. Companies should try their best to produce electronics with longer lives.

C. Companies should use less dangerous materials when producing electronics.

D. Companies should produce electronics that can be easily recycled.

C

难度：★★★★ 话题：Modern technology 建议时间：8分钟文章词数：410 正确率： /4

A new type of robot could help industries to cut costs and make better products.

Industrial robots have long been dangerous, caged creatures. But in recent years, the barriers between robots and humans have been coming down. A friendlier type of robot has begun appearing on the factory floor – and with it, a new way of working that could cut costs in many industries.

One area that has benefited hugely is the car industry. “In a car plant, a vehicle is produced every minute, and approximately 1,000 cars are made a day,” said Adolfo Suarez Roos, the Airbus Group expert who works with robotics on the French National Research Agency project ICARO. On the project, robots are able to help workers with repetitive tasks.

Suarez is hopeful the same success can be enjoyed while making planes. But given that robotics isn’t as widely used, the challenges are very different. “[When making cars] a robot has 40 seconds to do its job and the complete programming task takes about a month,” he said. “At Airbus, we produce 1.5 aircraft per day, so we have to look at tasks that will last several hours. We need mobile robots and a very simple way to program the robot.”

At Cranfield University, the EPSRC Centre in Intelligent Automation is trying to make this a reality for flight. An important part of the work is understanding how tasks can be divided between industrial robots and human operators to make use of the skills of both. When man and machine are working together over long periods of time, engineers are looking at how human can improve the robot or the robot can improve the human.

The project, called Futurassy, last year began introducing the robots to perform the processes that could be used across other sites by Airbus, an aircraft company.

The first robotic unit bought by Airbus arrived last year, and is now used at the A380 station, where humans now work with the robot. Key to the success of this project is safety, and making sure that the barriers between human and robot are just enough to still allow a productive working relationship.

Prof Phil Webb claims there is no doubt that the number of robots putting together aircraft will increase significantly over the next few years. Cost pressures placed on the traditional centers in North America and Europe mean they soon won’t have a choice but to move ahead with robotics.

9. Which industry has benefited a lot from robotics according to the article?

A. The car industry. B. The plane industry.

C. The computer industry. D. The service industry.

10. What are the main difficulties of using robots to make planes?

a. The high cost of robots.

b. The safety of using robots.

c. The poor creativity of robots.

d. Task division between human and robots.

e. Finding an easy way to program the robots.

A. a, b, c B. b, c, d C. a, c, e D. b, d, e

11. What is the main factor that has pushed the aircraft industry to move ahead with robotics?

A. Technology development. B. Cost pressures.

C. A shortage of workers. D. The low efficiency of workers.

12. What is the article mainly about?

A. The use of robots in the aircraft industry.

B. The latest developments in robotics.

C. The aircraft industry’s difficult situation.

D. Safety tips for robotics in industries.

D

难度：★★★ 话题：Social trend 建议时间：7分钟文章词数：361 正确率： /4

You won’t have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup OpenClassrooms is offering the first State-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs (massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimédia to create this program.

There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing. Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. It’s the exact same degree that you would get at IESA, except that you won’t see any teachers. IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCs for this program.

On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it’s hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC – that’s why every week, you will get to video chat with a teacher.

This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new MOOC students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.

For OpenClassrooms, the company will certainly get a cut as a technology provider. The startup already offers a course for 20 per month, but you need to pay 300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. It’s unclear how much OpenClassrooms will keep, but it should be more than 20 per month.

For students, it’s a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can’t afford to study for three years at IESA and pay 6,950 per year. OpenClassrooms lets you work and study at the same time, and pay a lot less. Sure, it’s probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.

It’s an interesting new direction for OpenClassrooms, and I can’t wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.

13. If you complete the degree program offered by OpenClassrooms, ______.

A. you can skip classes that you are not interested in

B. you can get a degree in about two years

C. you need to meet a teacher once every month

D. you can get a state-recognized degree in France

14. How can students benefit from the degree program, according to the article?

A. They pay much less money to get a degree.

B. They study their courses in a more enjoyable way.

C. They don’t have to spend time with other students and teachers.

D. They are free to choose the courses and projects they take in order to get the degree.

15. What is the author’s attitude toward the OpenClassrooms degree program?

A. Upset. B. Positive.

C. Negative. D. Critical.

16. What is the article mainly about?

A. The advantages of an OpenClassrooms program.

B. The reasons behind the popularity of MOOCs.

C. Some tips on how to choose an OpenClassrooms program.

D. The difficulties of keeping up with online courses.

E

难度：★★★★ 话题：Family 建议时间：8分钟文章词数：400 正确率： /4

TEMPERANCE – The ballad “He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother” was an international hit in 1969, long before Hunter Gandee was born.

But next month, the 14-year-old intends to live up to its message by carrying his brother 40 miles from Bedford Junior High School to the University of Michigan over two days for a cause close to his heart.

His younger brother, Braden Gandee, 7, a first grader at Douglas Road Elementary School, has cerebral palsy (脑瘫) and uses a walker and braces (支架).

To Hunter, his little brother is “my inspiration”, and he assists him in every way he can. Braden has been in physical therapy (理疗) since he was 3 months old. Because of his brother, Hunter has adopted cerebral-palsy awareness as a personal cause.

Cerebral palsy impairs (损害) movement and is caused by brain injury during pregnancy. Hunter wants to heighten public awareness of cerebral palsy and the challenges it poses. He has a Facebook page called Cerebral Palsy Swagger, a Twitter account @the_cp_swagger, and an Instagram account

@cerebral_palsy_swagger.

Hunter also raised $350 for cerebral palsy research at the University of Michigan by selling $1 CP Awareness wristbands at the junior high. The Bedford Board of Education honored him and Braden during its May 1 meeting.

Hunter said he knows the 40-mile hike on June 7 and 8 with his brother will be hard. But if any eighth grader can do it, he can. The muscled youth weighs 150 pounds and is a wrestler and football player on the junior high teams. Braden weighs 50 pounds and will be carried piggyback by his brother.

They will depart at 8 am, with a sendoff from the junior high, which will be specially opened for them that Saturday morning. School board members and other district officials, along with friends and supporters, will be there to send them off.

The boys will not walk alone. A group of volunteers will accompany them, and their parents, Danielle and Sam Gandee, will drive ahead of them. The family lives in Temperance and includes Kerragan, 13, and Kellen, 6.

“I’m excited about the walk,” said Braden. To keep his brother occupied, he added, “I’ll talk to him. I’ll sing songs.”

Hunter estimated the entire walking time at 13 hours. They’ll use local roads and make stops, including in Dundee and Milan, where they’ll spend the night. Their journey’s terminus will be the Bahna Wrestling Center at UM.

17. What is Hunter’s main reason for carrying his brother on a 40-mile walk to the University of Michigan?

A. To help his brother realize his dream of visiting the university.

B. To draw public attention to cerebral palsy and the problems it causes.

C. To show his special bond with his little brother and cheer him up.

D. To raise money for cerebral palsy research at the University of Michigan.

18. What does Hunter think of the upcoming 40-mile journey?

A. He thinks it will be a piece of cake.

B. He thinks any eighth grader could do it.

C. He believes he’ll make it though it won’t be easy.

D. He feels excited but deeply unsure if he can achieve his goal.

19. During Hunter and Braden’s journey, ______.

A. their parents will walk behind them all the way

B. Braden will try to make his brother feel good

C. there will be nobody keeping them company

D. they will keep walking for about 13 hours nonstop

20. The underlined word “terminus” in the last paragraph probably means ______.

A. guide B. route

C. starting point D. last stop