高一暑假综合测试
本文作者： 21st
A It could happen just about any time you step out in public. You get on an almost-empty bus, but the next passenger decides to ignore all the empty seats to sit right next to you. While you are waiting in line at the supermarket, the next customer stands just behind you shouting into his phone. These are attacks (袭击) of the personal space invaders. Though preferences for personal space differ from culture to culture, we Britons do love our independence and privacy (清静). As the British etiquette (礼仪) website Debrett’s puts it, as a British person, somebody standing too close may make you “focus less on what somebody is saying than on how close they are to you”. Simple acts like putting an arm around someone you don’t know that well may seem friendly in China, but they can make us very uncomfortable. The ediplomat.com website explains: “The British are not back slappers (拍打者) or touchers and generally do not show affection (喜欢) in public.” Being a British person around people from other countries can therefore be full of problems. People from many European countries such as France and Spain kiss each other on the cheek when they meet, yet to us this seems too friendly and “touchy-feely”. Simple matters like how close others stand can be problematic to Britons who want to keep their own personal space. Giving advice on how to behave around a British person, Debrett’s says that “if you can feel the warmth of their worried breath upon your face, then you’re standing too close”. So, are British people unfriendly? Far from it. The ediplomat.com website explains that we are not as “indifferent” as we may seem, but “very friendly and helpful to foreigners”. However, we do have different ideas about our own space to many people from other countries. Just let us know if you’re going to come any closer than arm’s length, and you’ll be fine! By Paul Creasy 1. What is the article mainly about? A. How to make friends with British people. B. Some tips on British table manners. C. Ways in which British people show affection. D. British people’s preference for personal space. 2. If you were meeting a British person for the first time, it would be polite of you to ______, according to the article. A. kiss him/her on the cheek B. put an arm around him/her C. keep an arm’s length away from him/her D. slap his/her back or shake his/her hands 3. The underlined word “indifferent” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “______”. A. cold B. modest C. gentlemanlike D. independent 4. What can we conclude from the article? A. British people like to sit next to others on empty buses. B. British people are helpful, although they may not appear to be. C. British people do not like staying with other Europeans. D. British people are happy to show affection in public. B Deep in the research lab at the Bergen County Academies in New Jersey, US, 16-year-old Alon Millet carefully drops a special solution (溶液) onto rows of mung beans (绿豆) in a clear plastic tray (托盘). It’s something he’s been doing for nearly three years. Drop by drop, bean by bean, this high school junior is trying to help fight world hunger. Last year, Millet was one of just four students who received a $10,000 (62,500 yuan) award from the US Agency for International Development, an organization that is working to end poverty (贫穷). He was chosen from 1,700 high schools in more than 70 countries. Millet’s experiments “could change the way plants are grown in the developing world”, protecting them against drought (干旱) and natural disasters like typhoons, said Courtney Mason, a program manager at the agency. One day more than three years ago, Alon’s father, Yoav Millet, said that an Israeli company had used a protein (蛋白质) solution to make trees grow larger. And that, in turn, helped to produce more paper with fewer trees. “So I started thinking, ‘what else could this be used for?’” Alon Millet said. He chose mung bean seeds because the bean is an important crop in India, China and Southeast Asia. It provides a good amount of protein and grows quickly. He contacted the company, FuturaGene, whose scientist agreed to share the solution. “I thought, what the heck (口语，为什么会这样)? Let’s throw it onto some seeds and see what happens,” Millet said. “And some pretty good things happened.” After three years of repeatedly putting the seeds into the solution, measuring, testing and examining, he proved the compound (化合物) in the solution could also make beans grow larger and survive in difficult environments. The process (过程) also does not need genetic modification (基因改造), which cannot be used in many European countries. Donna Leonardi, who advises Millet, said she sees a mature (成熟的) researcher in Millet. Millet, she said, doesn’t have a personal connection (联系) to the mung bean. He doesn’t even like how they taste. Yet he sees the “big picture” in what his research could do for people. And he’s not afraid to fail. He sees problems as challenges. Millet is now on his 26th experiment with his mung beans, continuing his search for a better understanding of how the compound is changing the bean. 5. Why did Millet choose the mung bean for his experiments? A. It is an important plant in some Asian countries. B. It contains more protein than other plants. C. It is widely used in experiments on plants. D. It survives easily in difficult environments. 6. How did the solution change the mung beans in Millet’s experiments? A. It made the beans grow faster. B. It prevented the beans from falling ill. C. It increased the size of the beans. D. It modified the genes of the beans slightly. 7. Which of the following words best describe Millet? A. Curious and ambitious (有雄心的). B. Hardworking and modest (谦虚的). C. Skilled and efficient (有效率的). D. Cautious and radical (激进的). 8. Which of the following about Millet is TRUE? A. He has been working for the US Agency for International Development for three years. B. He was awarded money for his efforts to fight food problems in developing countries. C. He was inspired by sci-fi to start his experiments on mung beans. D. He is planning to do research on a new plant in the coming year. C It is a novel that is probably more talked about than read. People think: “It’s such a big book! It has such a serious theme!” The feeling that they are going to be taught a long, hard lesson often puts readers off. But really, War and Peace (1869), which tells the stories of five upper-class families in Russia at the time of the 1812 French invasion (入侵), is not to be missed. Reading this novel is one of those once-in-a-lifetime experiences, like climbing the Great Wall: You will regret it if you do not try. Earlier this month, USA Today reported that a six-episode (集) War and Peace miniseries (连续短剧) produced by the BBC would air next year. With a complex (复杂的) plot and so many characters, readers unfamiliar with the work might be most interested in the characters from the financially-troubled Rostov family of Moscow. Count Rostov has four teenage children. Natasha is in love with Boris Drubetskoy, who is about to become an army officer. Nikolai Ilyich loves the poor Sonya, a ward (女仆) of the family, but his family is not happy with their relationship. The proud Vera is about to start a happy marriage with a German-Russian officer. The youngest Rostov is the 9-year-old Petya, who, like his brother Nikolai, has his heart set on fighting for his country. The lives of all are about to be changed by the upcoming great war that involves (卷入) many other major characters of War and Peace, such as Prince Andrei, who goes into a military (军事的) career partly in order to get away from his unhappy marriage to the socialite (名媛) Lise. The novel has a great reputation among many kinds of writers and millions of readers. US writer Ernest Hemingway wrote: “I don’t know anybody who could write about war better than Tolstoy did.” A comment by the great 20th-century Russian short-story writer Isaak Babel shows the rich sense of history that Tolstoy’s work conveys (表达). “If the world itself could write, it would write like Tolstoy,” Babel commented. By Paul Brennan 9. In the author’s opinion, the novel War and Peace ______. A. is the most popular book among writers worldwide B. has far too serious a theme for ordinary readers C. will be put on screen for the first time in history D. is a must-read for people who have an interest in war and history 10. According to the article, readers might be most interested in ______ of the BBC War and Peace miniseries. A. the rich characters B. the well-designed costumes C. the vivid war descriptions D. the touching romance 11. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. What effects War and Peace has had on other writers. B. How other writers commented on War and Peace. C. What lessons we can learn from War and Peace. D. What kind of world War and Peace is based on. D It’s time to head off to college, and you’re getting ready to finally leave the nest. But wait, who’s right there next to you packing up their stuff? Surprise! It’s Mom and Dad – they’re moving with you to college. In a surprising new trend (趋势) in the US, parents are following their children to college by either moving to the same town or buying a second home in the area. While having parents nearby might have benefits, some students fear they could lose the freedom that comes with college. Chicago, US 11th-grader Daera Thomas said her mom is strongly considering moving with her wherever she goes, but she would rather experience college on her own. “A big factor (要素) of college is being on your own for the first time, and I don’t like the idea of losing that freedom,” Thomas said. But not all students are against the idea. Danielle Marks, a 12th-grader, said she’s comfortable with her parents’ decision to build a vacation home in Palm Beach, Florida. It is about an hour away from her future school, the University of Miami. “I know that my parents are going to give me my space so that I can have the full college experience. I plan to join them on breaks, but I will spend my weekends on campus doing activities,” Marks said. Some parents settle for buying an apartment or house for their children with a second bedroom for themselves when they’re in town. At the end of the day, it’s up to each family to decide how to best handle (处理) the separation that comes with graduation. Even for those who aren’t planning to move closer to their children, there are ways to stay close throughout the change. Walter Payton 12th-grader Gabrielle Xilas said she knows that even though her parents aren’t moving with her to Michigan next fall, they still plan to visit for football games and other events. “My dad is going to come visit me for as many Saturday game days as possible because it’s just a four-hour ride away,” Xilas said. Whichever way a family chooses to handle the separation, there are always lots of ways to make it work for both students and parents. 12. What is a new trend in the US according to the article? A. Parents making college decisions for their children. B. Parents following their children to college. C. Children asking for more freedom in college. D. Children delaying going to college to take a gap year. 13. What is Daera Thomas’ attitude toward her parents living nearby when she goes to college? A. Supportive. B. Understanding. C. Indifferent (无所谓的). D. Opposed (反对的). 14. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A. Separation after graduation is a more serious problem today than it used to be. B. There are more benefits for children if their parents can stay near their college. C. There are different ways to handle the problem of separation after graduation. D. Parents are advised to visit their children occasionally instead of moving in with them. E The blossoming (鲜花绽放的) trees in spring are certainly a visual delight. But why aren’t many of us able to smell them? Growing levels of air pollution from power plants and automobiles have reduced flower fragrances (芳香) by up to 90 percent in the US, reported National Geographic. That is compared with pre-industrial levels, according to a new study published in the journal Atmospheric Environment. But if the trend is simply unpleasant for human noses, it may be life-threatening for bees and butterflies. “Many insects find flowers by following the odor (气味) produced by those flowers,” said the study’s lead author Jose D. Fuentes, an environmental scientist at the University of Virginia. “The increasing pollution makes it difficult for them to find the flowers and feed on their nectar (花蜜).” Scientists have already found that flowers produce scent molecules (分子) that bond with pollutants. This breaks down the plants’ sweet smell. With more pollution in the air, the scent molecules don’t remain powerful as long and travel shorter distances on the wind. The new study suggests that in the mid-19th century, when pollution levels were first recorded, scent molecules would have been able to travel some 1,000 to 1,200 meters. Today, in the polluted air of large cities, scents may only make it some 200 to 300 meters, reported the study. Apart from the reduced distance a scent molecule can travel, new research suggests pollution from diesel exhausts (柴油废气) may fool the bee’s “nose”, making their search for flowers all the more difficult, according to the Los Angeles Times. In a paper published recently in Scientific Reports, scientists concluded that two components of diesel exhaust – nitric oxide (一氧化氮) and nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮) – could change the odor of the many chemicals that combine to give a flower its signature (标志性的) smell. This phenomenon, researchers said, “could prevent honeybees from reaching their target flowers, and, in the process, prevent the pollination (授粉) of some of the world’s food crops”, reported the newspaper. Or as The Guardian put it, this could endanger agricultural harvests worldwide. But the bees seem to have learned to adapt to the changing world. “In nature honeybees use a combination of their vision (视力) and floral odors to locate a flower for the first time,” the study authors wrote. 15. According to the article, Jose D. Fuentes and his fellow researchers have recently found that ______. A. reduced flower fragrances have resulted in the extinction of many bees and butterflies B. reduced flower fragrances are connected to growing levels of air pollution C. pollutants in the air prevent flowers from producing scent molecules D. flowers today can’t produce enough nectar because of air pollution 16. What do the underlined words “the trend” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Increasing air pollution. B. Reduced flower fragrances. C. Human beings’ damaged sense of smell. D. A growing number of power plants and automobiles. 17. The major function of the scent molecules a plant produces is to ______. A. stimulate flowers to produce nectar B. prevent insects from eating the plant C. draw attention from bees and butterflies D. clear up pollutants in the air 18. We can infer from the article that ______. A. future food crops won’t rely on bees to complete their pollination B. some bees have successfully overcome the challenge of reduced flower fragrance C. bees have great advantages in their senses of vision and smell compared to humans D. global food crop output is likely to fall greatly in the near future 暑假综合测试答案与解析 A 1. D。全文主要介绍了英国人对于个人空间personal space的讲究。 2. C。从“Just let us know if you’re going to come any closer than arm’s length, and you’ll be fine!”可知一臂的距离对于英国人来说是比较安全，礼貌的。从“France and Spain kiss each other on the cheek when they meet, yet to us this seems too friendly and ‘touchy-feely’”可判断A错误；从“putting an arm around someone you don’t know that well … can make us very uncomfortable”可判断B错误；从“The British are not back slappers”可判断D错误。 3. A。从后面的“but ‘very friendly and helpful to foreigners’”可反推indifferent应该是cold，unfriendly，unhelpful的意思。 4. B。从we are not as “indifferent” as we may seem, but “very friendly and helpful to foreigners”可判断B正确。 B 5. A。从“He chose mung bean seeds because the bean is an important crop in India, China and Southeast Asia”可判断A正确。 6. C。从“make beans grow larger and survive in difficult environments”可判断C正确。 7. A。从“So I started thinking, ‘what else could this be used for?’”可判断他很有好奇心，很爱钻研；从“Yet he sees the “big picture” in what his research could do for people”可判断他很有雄心壮志，要做一番事业。 8. B。从“Millet … received a $10,000 award from the US Agency for International Development”可判断B正确。 C 9. D。从最后一段“I don’t know anybody who could write about war better than Tolstoy did”和“the rich sense of history”可判断D正确。A文中没有提到；It has such a serious theme!” The feeling that they are going to be taught a long, hard lesson often puts readers off. But really, … is not to be missed”可判断B错误；从“a six-episode War and Peace miniseries produced by the BBC would air next year”可知，《战争与和平》将被BBC改编成6集的迷你剧，并非第一次版上荧幕，与事实也不符。 10. A。从“readers unfamiliar with the work might be most interested in the characters”可知A正确。 11. B。最后一段主要是两位知名作家Ernest Hemingway和Isaak Babel对《战争与和平》的高度评价。 D 12. B。从“In a surprising new trend in the US, parents are following their children to college”可知B正确。 13. D。从“but she would rather experience college on her own”可知，Daera Thomas不希望妈妈跟着去大学。 14. C。从最后一句话“Whichever way a family chooses to handle the separation, there are always lots of ways to make it work for both students and parents”可知C正确。 E 15. B。根据第二段Growing levels of air pollution from power plants and automobiles have reduced flower fragrances by up to 90 percent in the US, reported National Geographic可知B正确。 16. B。根据后文的simply unpleasant for human noses和关于蜜蜂更难闻到花香的描述可知B正确。 17. C。根据Apart from the reduced distance a scent molecule can travel, new research suggests pollution from diesel exhausts may fool the bee’s “nose”, making their search for staple flowers all the more difficult, according to the Los Angeles Times可知香气分子传播距离变短和废气污染影响蜜蜂嗅觉都会造成蜜蜂觅食困难，由此可以推断C正确。 18. B。根据“In nature honeybees use a combination of their vision and floral odors to locate a flower for the first time,” the study authors wrote可知B正确。 |  |
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