高一寒假阅读理解综合训练(116118)-高一英语阅读(662)-21英语网

本文作者： teens

A

It is not unusual for us to gather with our nearest and dearest on the weekends. But do you know that holidays, much like relationships, can be “made, maintained (保持) and broken” through conversations? Deborah Tannen, a Georgetown University linguistics (语言学) professor, believes so. She offers suggestions to improve communication at the holiday table and beyond. Let’s take a look.

* A round dining table is best for promoting (促成) a lively conversation because everyone faces one another.

* Avoid (避免) seating grandparents at the ends of a rectangular (长方形的) table, even though it is the traditional place of honor. Elderly people may feel lonely there because they will be unable to hear or keep up with a conversation.

* Women prefer to face each other and make eye contact when they talk. Men might look around at other things. “Guys may be more relaxed keeping their gaze (注视) on the TV,” says Tannen. “They’ll still be listening, though.”

* Be aware (注意的) that people have different ways of talking. Each person has a different sense of tone, rhythm, timing and how long of a pause is normal in a conversation. Be aware of people who seem left out. If you feel you are doing all the talking, hold back to give others a chance to join in. If you feel you aren’t getting a chance to speak, try pushing yourself to start talking when it seems natural or polite.

* Some families find that gatherings go more smoothly (顺利地) if they take part in an outdoor activity. Going to a park for a walk may be more enjoyable than sitting around chatting.

1. The main purpose of the article is to _____.

A. inform us of some basic table manners

B. introduce Deborah Tannen and her achievements

C. give some advice on how to spend weekends

D. suggest how to make the holiday a time of great communication

2. According to Deborah Tannen, seating the elders at the ends of a rectangular table _____.

A. might prevent them from talking

B. is likely to embarrass them

C. is recommended to show them honor and respect

D. allows them to follow a conversation

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. Men tend to make more eye contact than women while talking.

B. Men may be more relaxed talking while watching TV.

C. Women speak faster and with a higher tone than men.

D. Women prefer outdoor activities over sitting around chatting.

4. According to Deborah Tannen, you should _____.

A. look at the person you are talking with

B. listen more carefully when you feel you are not a part of a conversation

C. try to find an interesting topic to talk about

D. not talk endlessly without giving others a chance to speak

B

It’s Friday night. You’re looking through your Instagram (a photo-sharing app) feed when you see it: a photo of your friends hanging out without you.

Why didn’t anyone invite you? What are they doing later? Should you text them? What if no one responds (回应)?

Sounds like a typical case of FOMO.

FOMO, or “fear of missing out”, is a form of anxiety that causes people to feel like they’re missing out on something. The word was added to The Oxford English Dictionary last year. But just how serious is FOMO?

According to a study by a US research organization, JWTIntelligence, 47 percent of teen millennials (those who are 13-17 years old now) feel upset or nervous when they learn that their friends are doing something they’re not. And 41 percent said they spread themselves too thin, trying to do too many things at one time to avoid FOMO.

Today’s technology is a big cause of FOMO, according to Jonathan Pochyly, an adolescent psychiatrist (青少年精神病学专家) at Lurie Children’s Hospital in Chicago.

“Technology is one of the things that makes life special for adolescents these days,” he explained. “There’s a lot of focus on what everyone else is doing. It became a trend, so there’s pressure to keep up with it.”

As social media (社交媒体) feeds are always updating us with our friends’ activities, it’s easier than ever to feel left out. So what can we do?

To fight against FOMO, Jones freshman Emmy Brewer just calls people and talks to them.

“I’d be upset for a bit, but then I’d realize that I should be reaching out to them,” she said.

Oak Park and River Forest High School senior James Cullinane said he fights off FOMO by living in the now.

“If I’m hanging out with my friends, or just sitting at home on my couch, I think it’s best to stay off social media and focus on what I’m doing in the moment,” Cullinane said.

While FOMO will continue to affect (影响) teenagers in the future, Pochyly said that he believes these feelings are just side effects of growing up.

“These types of interactions (交往) with people are … a function (功能) of kids being more independent, looking for connections with other people, moving away from just being a child in a home, and moving toward adulthood,” he said.

5. Which of the following types of behavior is considered FOMO?

A. Avoiding going to parties with friends.

B. Worrying about being left out by friends.

C. Posting photos on social media often.

D. Often feeling like hanging out with friends.

6. What does James Cullinane advise people to do in order to get over FOMO?

A. Call their friends and talk to them. B. Update their social media more often.

C. Focus on what they are doing. D. Spend more time with their families.

7. What is the right attitude toward FOMO, according to experts?

A. It should be dealt with as early as possible.

B. A psychiatrist is needed to fight against it.

C. It’s unimportant because few people suffer from it.

D. It’s normal when teenagers are growing up.

8. Which of the following about FOMO is TRUE?

A. A big cause is social media, which always keeps teenagers updated.

B. People are paying more attention to themselves because of it.

C. The problem disappears gradually as teenagers grow up.

D. It will lead to serious social problems if it’s left alone.

C

Just like rice and noodles are different from bread, snacks in China are a world apart from those in the UK and the US. For one thing, I never imagined that sunflower seeds (瓜子) would be so popular here. I spotted people having them while waiting for tables outside restaurants, before dinner and, of course, while watching TV. I also saw that a plate of sunflower seeds is always on offer during the Spring Festival holidays.

I had seldom tried sunflower seeds when I came to China. In the UK, though, young people love their snacks. In fact, young people in Britain eat more snacks than people of the same age in other European countries. A recent survey has discovered that 64 percent of under 20-year-olds snack between meals, according to an article on the British Council website. In comparison (对比), 58.7 percent of young people snack in Germany, 53 percent in France, and only 40.7 percent in Spain.

British snacks are generally unhealthy. Our favorites are probably potato chips, which we call crisps, and chocolate bars. From a very young age, we always looked forward to our crisps and chocolate bars after school, perhaps even included with sandwiches and fruit in our school lunches that our parents made for us.

Snacks are also popular in the US. One of the things that I found the most extraordinary (特别的) when I first visited the US was the number of snacks in their supermarkets; I was surprised to find huge aisles (过道) just for snacks that were bigger than some stores I’d been to in the UK. Snack tastes in the US are much the same as those in the UK, except there’s much more choice – every kind of fatty, sugary food is available (可获得的) to everyone all the time.

All in all, it’s probably best for your health if you like sunflower seeds rather than potato chips and chocolate. But eating these delicious treats at times couldn’t possibly be wrong, could it?

9. What is the article mainly about?

A. The most popular snack in China.

B. Snacks in the UK and the US.

C. Snacks young Western people like.

D. Some tips for choosing snacks in the UK.

10. According to the British Council, snacks are most popular among young people in ______.

A. Britain B. Germany C. France D. Spain

11. What surprised the author when he went to supermarkets in the US?

A. How the snacks tasted. B. The size of the snacks’ packages.

C. The lack of choice when it came to snacks. D. The large number of snacks.

12. What does the author think of potato chips and chocolate?

A. They don’t taste as good as sunflower seeds.

B. They are unhealthy, so people should stop eating them.

C. It’s better to eat them with sandwiches and fruit.

D. It’s fine to enjoy them from time to time although they are unhealthy.

D

With New York City less than 100 miles (160 kilometers) north and Washington, DC, in the south, Philadelphia is often forgotten compared to its bigger neighbors. However, in many ways, visiting the US’ fifth largest city can be a great experience.

Called the place where US democracy (民主) was born, on Nov 6, Philadelphia got another important title: the first UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage City in the US.

The city became the 267th World Heritage City thanks to “the universal principles of freedom and democracy written down in the Declaration of Independence (独立宣言, 1776) and the US Constitution (宪法) (1787)”, both signed at Independence Hall, according to UNESCO. These documents (文献) “are greatly important to American history and have also had a big effect on lawmakers (立法者) around the world”.

Despite its importance in history, Philadelphia is also known for a diverse (多样的) and accepting culture. It’s not called the “City of Brotherly Love” for nothing. Philadelphia is home to a huge number of ethnic (种族的) neighborhoods and one of the largest gay (同性恋) communities in the US. In fact, one of the first gay rights protests (抗议) in the country happened outside of Independence Hall.

Its collection of public art is another thing that makes Philadelphia stand out. Graffiti (涂鸦) art is sometimes paid for as the city tries to make Philadelphia a “museum without walls”. As the US News website noted, “This is a great example of the city’s well-known grassroots culture”.

In recent years, Philadelphia has also become one of the US’ most exciting food cities. No trip would be complete without tasting its soft pretzel (椒盐脆饼) and the famous cheesesteak sandwich. It is a large sandwich made with thin slices of steak and cheese. Onions, peppers and mushrooms are often added.

Whether you’re looking for “historic sites, culture, an art scene, or delicious food” Philadelphia won’t disappoint you, said travel guide Lonely Planet.

13. Why are New York City and Washington, DC mentioned in the first paragraph?

A. To show that Philadelphia has often been overshadowed (使失色) by its neighbors.

B. To argue that Philadelphia is a better city for tourists than its neighbors.

C. To prove that Philadelphia has a more promising future than its neighbors.

D. To show that Philadelphia has a longer history than its neighbors.

14. Which of the following aspects of Philadelphia are mentioned in the article?

a. art b. culture c. food d. famous people e. historic importance

A. abcd B. acbd C. abce D. bcde

15. We can conclude from the article that graffiti art ______.

A. has made Philadelphia unwelcoming B. comes from Philadelphia

C. is not popular in Philadelphia D. adds charm to Philadelphia

16. Which of the following about Philadelphia is TRUE?

A. It is the third largest city in the US.

B. It is a great city that is worth visiting.

C. It has more ethnic groups than any other American city.

D. There are many famous museums in the city.

E

Want to improve your life? Then do something awesome (引起敬畏的).

According to a recent article in The Wall Street Journal, researchers have found that awe-inspiring experiences improve our prosocial (亲社会的) behaviors, making us more generous (慷慨的) and more humble (谦逊的). Awe-inspiring experiences make us more empathetic, allowing us to recognize another person’s emotional (情感的) expressions better and show concern. And they make us more willing to be trusting and connect with others.

What kind of experiences can be called “awe-inspiring”? The examples mentioned by the newspaper include scuba diving (潜水), seeing the birth of a child, watching a meteor (流星) shower, and visiting a forest. A man told The Wall Street Journal that he found it awe-inspiring to work with homeless people and see their courage and kindness.

Awe is an emotional response to something very large, says the article, and it challenges and grows our way of seeing the world. But the feeling of awe is felt differently by different individuals, and for different reasons. The deep blue ocean might inspire different feelings in a poet than in a fisherman, for example.

According to an article in The Atlantic, a 2012 study from Stanford University investigated awe and came to an interesting conclusion: the feeling of awe changes the way you think about time. The study says an awe-inspiring experience is a moment so overwhelming (无法抗拒的) that time seems to stand still.

When you look at or experience something awesome, like looking at a waterfall or a sky filled with stars, your mind is fixed on the present moment. Time seems to slow down, the Stanford researchers concluded, making you feel like you have more of it to spare. This makes you feel more patient, less materialistic (物质第一的), and more willing to help others.

Other researchers believe awe is powerful because it takes us out of our own heads. “Awe makes our individual identity less important and gets us to think about things bigger than ourselves,” Paul Piff, assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, told The Wall Street Journal. Piff has found that many simple things in life are awe-inspiring – listening to a piece of music you haven’t heard before, going on a nature hike, or going to a pop concert. All you need to do is start noticing and marveling (对……惊叹) at the world around you.

17. The underlined word “empathetic” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. tolerant (容忍的) B. enthusiastic (热情的)

C. independent D. understanding

18. The following things are mentioned as awe-inspiring experiences EXCEPT ______.

A. scuba diving or witnessing the birth of a child

B. watching a meteor shower or visiting a forest

C. listening to your favorite music or going to a pop concert

D. looking at a waterfall or going on a nature hike

19. How do awe-inspiring experiences change the way people think about time and make them more prosocial, according to the research?

A. By changing their emotional response to something large.

B. By making them more focused on the present moment.

C. By making them realize that life is too short to waste.

D. By inspiring them to face the challenges ahead of them.

20. According to Paul Piff, ______.

A. awe is beneficial for social harmony

B. awe often comes in an unexpected way

C. only adventurous experiences inspire awe

D. awe makes us more confident in ourselves

(答案和解析见C8版)