无所不能的GET
本文作者: 陈德彰教授
Get一词用法十分广泛,在不同的上下文中意思多变。《朗文当代英语词典》(第四版)(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)用了四页的篇幅解释该词。
含有get的成语也数不胜数,商务印书馆出版的《英语习语大词典》中收集了500多条含有get的成语,篇幅达24页之多。
Get在口语中的用法也非常广泛,有人夸张地说get几乎可以代替所有的动词。请看一位英国作者在一篇文章中如何使用get:
I got on horseback within ten minutes after I got your letter. When I got to Canterbury I got a chase for town: but I got wet through, and have got such a cold that I shall not get rid of it in a hurry. I got to the Treasury about noon, but first of all got shaved and dressed. I soon got into the secret of getting a memorial before the Board, but I could not get an answer then; however, I got intelligence from a messenger that I should get one next morning. As soon as I got back to my inn, I got my breakfast, and, having got dressed, I got out in time to get an answer to my memorial. As soon as I got it, I got into a chaise, and got back to Canterbury by three, and got home for tea. I have got nothing for you, and so adieu.
在这一段文字中,各种形式的get共出现了24次。虽然除get外没有使用任何其他动词,风格也比较口语化,但文章的意思却表达得十分清楚。
Get是一个常见的英语单词,初学英语的人都知道其基本意思是“得到”,get还可以组成许多习语。由于get的意思非常多,有时在汉语中很难找到一个相对应的词。例如:
Don’t get high hat:不是“不要高帽子”的意思,而是叫人“别摆架子”。
Get lost!:这里不是指“迷路”,而是说话者认为某人很讨厌,想让对方走开,相当于“滚开”或“离我远一点”。(要注意的是,这一句话语气很重,只有当某人十分生气时才这样说)
在该短语中,get用作系动词,相当于be,也可用于构成被动语态(主要在口语中)。类似的说法还有Get stuffed!(此短语也用于某人在生气的状态下拒绝对方)
He was trying to tell me how to do my job, but I soon told him where to get off.这句话前半句容易理解:“他要告诉我怎么做”,可后半句是不是“我告诉他哪儿下车”的意思呢?其实,这句话的准确含义应当是“我叫他哪儿凉快哪儿呆着去”。
现在,许多流行口语,尤其是美国口语中多含有get一词。比如:
Don't get me wrong. 别误会我/不要冤枉我
Get an eyeful. (叫某人)看个够
有些由get构成的短语源自俚语,后来成为一种时髦的口语表达。此类短语有时从字面很难推断出其确切含义,这需要我们勤查字典(千万不要自作聪明瞎猜)。比如Let’s get real.的意思是“别废话了,咱们说点正经的吧。”(也可以说Let's get a life.)
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