以实据为中心，设计有效的大规模口语测试
本文作者： Daniel Tumposky:美国教育考试服
EVIDENCE-Centered Design（ECD） is a research-based methodology for test design. How to Design Tasks — Review prior theory and research. — Articulate the claims you want to make about test takers’ proficiency. — List sources of evidence for each claim. — List real-world tasks in which test takers can provide relevant evidence. — Identify characteristics that would potentially affect task difficulty. — Identify criteria for evaluating performance on the tasks. ECD Proficiency Model: An Example — Formalizes assessment goals, population, and purpose — High-level claims are made: a person can operate an automobile. — Subclaims: the person stops at stop signs; the person obeys speed limits. |  |
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