高三阅读专项训练
本文作者： 21ST
A The first thing my host father “warned” me was that almost everyone in America was a big hugger (拥抱者). I didn’t understand what he meant until my first party. Whether they were friends or strangers, teenagers or elders, girls or guys, everyone I met gave me a big hug. To tell the truth, I felt awkward (难堪的) about all the hugs at first. However, as time went on, I began to understand America’s hugging culture. When a friend broke up with me, I was sad. When I told my best American friend about it, she said nothing but put her arms around me. The warmth of the hug was a greater comfort than anything she could have said to me. One winter day I was walking along the street, shivering (颤抖). It was then I saw two women, each holding a paper board, on which there were two words: free hugs. Their faces were red because of the freezing weather and they were jumping up and down to keep themselves warm. “Hi, girl! Do you want a hug?” one of them asked me. I went up and opened my arms. The hug was short but warm and it took some of the coldness of the day away. After that I became a big hugger myself. One time my host father and I were traveling to another town. When we reached a restaurant where my friend Cindy worked, he stopped the car. “What’s wrong?” I asked. “Alice, why don’t you go inside and give Cindy a hug?” he suggested. I went into the restaurant, ran straight up to Cindy, and gave her a hug before she realized what was going on. “That was a big surprise! And you got my day sweetie!” she told me later. A hug is a way to communicate love and care. Do you want a hug? My arms are wide open. By Zhang Jing 1. The point of the first three paragraphs is to explain ______. A. how body language is more important than actual words B. why hugging is so important in American culture C. how expressing feelings can be difficult for Chinese D. how the author’s attitude toward hugging culture changed 2. According to the text, what can a hug make us feel? A. Comforted, loved and cared for. B. Happy, understood and amazed. C. Excited, wise and surprised. D. Cared for, wise and happy. 3. In the fourth paragraph, the women each held a sign ______. A. because they were there to meet friends or relatives B. because they wanted a place to stay out of the cold C. to offer hugs to people D. to stop getting cold 4. From the text, we know that the host father ______. A. seldom has time to spend with the author B. often shares his experience with the author C. sometimes warns the author of the possible dangers D. teaches the author to show her friends she cares B Driverless taxis for Heathrow A TAXI without a driver could make traffic jams and crowded buses a thing of the past. The four-seat taxi was on show at the Science Museum in London last week. It is round and runs on a battery. Instead of a driver, there is a button set in the wall with the word “start” beside it. People can choose where they want to go from a screen. The taxis will travel along their own separate roads. Once people choose where they want to go, the control system sends a message to the car, which then follows a special path. Heathrow airport in London has bought 18 of the taxis to carry passengers and their bags from the car park to the airport. The journey will take between three and four minutes. The taxi will be in use starting next year. We should take it lying down? SOME scientists think that taking an insult (侮辱) lying down may make us less likely to want to respond angrily than if we are insulted while in an upright (直立的) position. Eddie Harmon-Jones, a scientist at Texas A&M University, US, led the study. He didn’t tell the students participating in the study this was an anger exercise. He asked them to think of something that made them upset, such as public smoking, and to write a short essay giving their opinion on it. He told them that a person in another room would judge the essay. They would hear the person making insulting comments about their opinions. The students were connected to a machine that measures brain activity. Some of them were lying down while others were upright. Both sets of students became angry when they heard the insults. However, those lying down were less angry than those sitting up. The horizontal (平躺的) students did not want to make an attack at the insulter, unlike those who were upright. The scientists now think that lying down could affect how the brain deals with other emotions, such as sadness and happiness. 5. What can we learn about the driverless taxi from the first news story? A. It is powered by petrol. B. It can carry up to five people. C. Passengers can go to their destination by simply pressing a button. D. There are 18 such taxis in use at Heathrow airport in London. 6. Which of the following is an advantage of the driverless taxi? A. It can solve the traffic problem completely. B. It is a form of environmentally friendly transport. C. It will save passengers a lot of money. D. Passengers can choose to go anywhere they want. 7. What’s the second news story mainly about? A. How different people handle anger in different ways. B. Insults don’t make people so angry when they’re lying down. C. When they are standing up, people are more likely to insult others. D. If a person is insulted while standing up, he/she is less likely to respond with anger. 8. What can we learn from the second news story? A. If you must upset someone, make sure they’re in a good mood. B. The students were told that they were taking part in an anger study. C. The students were asked to write an essay on how to deal with smoking in public. D. Scientists believe that body position has an effect on emotions. C As school starts again, there’s so much more for an American parent to nag (唠叨) about, like homework, bedtime and lost hours on the Internet. But in the age of digital childhood, Jacky Longwell, 45, of McLean, Virginia, often text-messages (发短信) what she once told her children by mouth: Be nice to your brother; walk the dog; remember your reading. This is the world of the modern family, in which even reminding children to do something has become electronic. There are changes in how parents nag and in what they nag about and in the frequency of their nagging. With technology, “you nag more, and you are a little bit more precise with your nagging,” said Reginald Black, 46, of Woodbridge, Virginia. For many young people electronic nagging is part of the experience of growing up. Charles Flowers, 17, a senior at St. John’s College High School in Washington, says his mother reminds him about everything from laundry (洗衣), being on time to baseball practice and mowing the lawn (修理草坪) by text. When she uses capitals he knows she’s serious: GET HOME! Some say technology has made nagging less annoying. Jacky Longwell thinks texts are less emotional than spoken messages and less likely to be resisted by teenagers. “It’s not as painful for them to hear it by text. It becomes grouped with the friendly communication,” she said. “They can’t hear the nagging.” She thinks a good way to do it is to mix friendliness with nagging. A parent can always start by saying hello. Not all parents like the new electronic nagging. Joyce Bouchard, 51, a mother of four in Fairfax, Virginia, texts her 14-year-old son but says that for many things – chores, homework – the old-fashioned way works better. Nagging by text has risks, she notes: “I always think, if you’re texting them something and they’re with their friends, they are getting a big laugh out of it.” The Washington Post 9. The main idea of the article is _____. A. the subjects American parents like to nag about B. the reasons American parents like to nag their children C. that electronic nagging is becoming common in the US D. how American parents began to nag their children by text messages 10. We can conclude from the first two paragraphs that _____. A. American children often stay up late studying B. Jacky Longwell had a happy digital childhood C. American parents pay too much attention to their children’s studies D. American parents think a lot about their children’s characters 11. The example of Reginald Black is used to show readers _____. A. that her nagging is thoughtful B. that she likes nagging her children very much C. the kind of skills a parent needs to nag effectively D. how the amount and kind of nagging have changed with the arrival of the digital age 12. We can infer from the article that _____. A. it’s better for parents to nag in a friendly way B. whether nagging is electronic or not, it is annoying C. American parents generally don’t like to nag D. American parents like to use capital letters in messages D French people pride themselves on their delicious foods, such as cheese, baguettes (长棍面包) and croissants (羊角面包). In fact, food is an important part of French culture. Families and friends spend hours over the dinner table each night. It is the opposite of the fast-food habit common in other parts of the West. It’s the reason why the French are very angry that a McDonald’s is opening beneath Paris’ most famous museum: the Louvre. The new restaurant will be the 1,142nd McDonald’s in France, and will open in the underground approach to the museum. But many French people can’t understand why this American chain is opening in the heart of French culture. However, McDonald’s is paying no notice to the protests (抗议). McDonald’s now has 31,000 outlets (分店) worldwide. Tourists are hungry, and opening outlets in tourist spots pays well. There is another chain threatening France’s heritage (传统). This time it is coffee rather than burgers. As more and more Starbucks open in Paris, traditional French cafes are forced to close. The trouble with American companies opening outlets throughout the world is the destructive effect they can have on a country’s culture. How can a small, independent coffee shop compete with the multi-billion dollar chain? You can go to a Starbucks in any city in the world, but you can only go to a Parisian cafe in France. Responsibility is with the tourists. A McDonald’s wouldn’t open so near the Louvre if it weren’t going to make money. Similarly, a Pizza Hut wouldn’t overlook (高耸于……之上) Egypt’s Great Pyramid if no one wanted to sit in it. Maybe next time you visit the Great Wall, you should think twice before ordering a Cappuccino in the Starbucks. By Nicola Davison, 21st Century staff 13. What is the focus of the article? A. The traditional eating habits of the French. B. The delicious foods that the French take pride in. C. French traditional eating culture being threatened. D. The worldwide protests caused by the spread of American fast food companies. 14. The underlined word “destructive” is closest in meaning to ______. A. hugely damaging B. highly unexpected C. positive D. immediate 15. We know from the text that ______. A. traditional French coffee houses are likely to close B. no Frenchmen like American fast food C. in the West, all people prefer fast food D. America likes to destroy other countries’ cultures 16. We can infer from the article that ______. A. Cappuccino is the name of a kind of fast food B. tourists can help stop the spread of fast food culture C. the new McDonald’s beneath the Louvre is its 1,143rd restaurant in France D. Pizza Hut is in Egypt to advertise American culture E We may all have had the embarrassing moment: Getting half-way through a story only to realize that we’ve told this exact tale before, to the person we’re boring with it now. Why do we make such memory mistakes? According to research published in Psychological Science, it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory. Researchers Nigel Gopie, of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, and Colin MacLeod, of the University of Waterloo, divided memory into two kinds. The first was source memory, or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from. The second was destination memory, or the ability to recall who we have given information to. They found that source memory functions better than destination memory, in part because of the direction in which that information is traveling. To study the differences between source and destination memory, the researchers did an experiment on 60 university students, according to a New York Times report. The students were asked to associate 50 random (随意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people. Half of the students “told” each fact to one of the faces, reading it aloud when the celebrity’s picture appeared on a computer screen. The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward. When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces, the students who were giving information out (destination memory) scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information (source memory). The researchers concluded that outgoing information was less associated with its environmental context (背景) – that is, the person – than was incoming information. This makes sense given what is known about attention. A person who is giving information, even little facts, will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said. Because our attention is finite (有限的), we give less attention to the person we are giving information to. After a second experiment with another group of 40 students, the researchers concluded that self-focus is another factor that undermines destination memory. They asked half the students to continue giving out random information, while the other told things about themselves. This time around, those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving random information. “When you start telling these personal facts compared with non-self facts, suddenly destination memory goes down more, suggesting that it is the self-focus component (成分) that’s reducing the memory,” Gopie told LiveScience. 17. The point of the article is to _______. A. give advice on how to improve memory B. say what causes the memory to worsen C. explain why we repeat stories to those we’ve already told them to D. discuss the differences between source and destination memory 18. What can we learn from the article? A. Source memory helps us remember who we have told the information to. B. One’s limited attention is one of the reasons why those reading aloud to the celebrity’s pictures perform worse on the memory test. C. Silent reading is a better way to remember information than reading aloud. D. It tends to be more difficult for people to link incoming information with its environmental context than outgoing information. 19. The underlined word “undermines” probably means _______. A. weakens B. benefits C. explains D. supports 20. What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment? A. Destination memory is weaker than source memory. B. Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance. C. Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better. D. Self-focus is responsible for giving information twice or more to the same person. 新题型训练 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 People in the US like to celebrate special occasions by going out for dinner. They might go to a French restaurant for special foods like goose liver (鹅肝) or snails (蜗牛). They might go to a Spanish restaurant for tapas – snack-sized food like sliced ham (火腿), cheese and olives. They might want Japanese sushi, Argentine steak (牛排) or Italian ravioli (面卷). ______________.(1) In the US, Chinese food is thought of as a kind of fast food – it’s cheap, quick, and not very healthy. ______________.(2) American “Chinese food” was invented by Chinese immigrants in the 1800s. When they arrived in the US, they couldn’t find many of the ingredients they had used back in China. ______________.(3) “Chinese food” in the US is very salty and oily. Most of the popular dishes are fried and don’t have many vegetables. ______________.(4) Restaurants often rely on MSG (味精) rather than natural spices, or pour a thick, sweet brown sauce over the dish. Popular Chinese dishes in the US include “Cashew Chicken” (stir-fried chicken, cashews (腰果), and brown sauce), and “Egg rolls” (deep-fried dough (面团) wrapped around cabbage with little pieces of pork). When Americans want real Chinese food, their best choice is usually to travel to neighborhoods with large Chinese populations. ______________.(5) Many Americans judge how good a restaurant is by the number of Chinese diners sitting inside it. But even then, Americans may be handed an “American” version of the menu, while true Chinese specialties exist only on the Chinese-language menu. A. The food is not very flavorful. B. Of course, it’s also not very Chinese. C. But they will almost certainly not go out for Chinese food. D. Most large cities have these “Chinatowns”. E. Chinese food has long been available in a form that suits American tastes. F. The first Chinese restaurants in the United States were in mining towns. G. They changed their cooking style to use local ingredients, and to please American tastes. Key: 1-4 DACD 5-8 CBBD 9-12 CDDA 13-16 CAAB 17-20 CBAD 新题型：1-5 CBGAD |  |
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