各类新题型模拟训练(67820)-高三英语阅读(425)-21英语网

A

阅读表达题：

（山东题型）阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

[1] A new University of Florida (UF) study following the evolution of lice (虱子) shows modern humans started wearing clothes about 170,000 years ago, a technology which enabled them successfully to migrate out of Africa.

[2] Lead researcher David Reed, associate head of mammals at the Florida Museum of Natural History on the UF campus, studies lice in modern humans to better understand human evolution and migration patterns. His latest five-year study used DNA sequencing (排序) to calculate when the genes of clothing lice first began to differ from those of human head lice.

[3] “We wanted to find another method for determining when humans might ___________,” Reed said. “Because they are so well adapted to clothing, we know that body lice or clothing lice almost certainly didn’t exist until clothing came about in humans.”

[4] The data shows modern humans started wearing clothes about 70,000 years before migrating into colder climates and higher latitudes, which began about 100,000 years ago. This date would be more or less impossible to determine using archaeological data because early clothing would not survive in archaeological sites.

[5] The study also shows humans started wearing clothes well after they lost body hair, which genetic (基因的) skin-color research shows to be about 1 million years ago, meaning humans spent a long time without body hair and without clothing.

[6] “It’s interesting to think humans were able to survive in Africa for hundreds of thousands of years without clothing and without body hair, and that it wasn’t until they had clothing that modern humans were then moving out of Africa into other parts of the world,” Reed said.

[7] Lice are studied because unlike most other parasites (寄生虫), they are stuck with lines of hosts over long periods of evolutionary time. The relationship allows scientists to learn about evolutionary changes in the host based on changes in the parasite.

1. Why does Reed study lice in modern humans? (no more than 10 words)

_________________________________________

2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with the right words. (no more than 5 words)

_________________________________________

3. Why did scientists conclude that humans spent a long time without body hair and without clothing? (no more than 20 words)

_________________________________________

4. Which sentence(s) in the article could be replaced by the one below?

Scientists can learn more about human beings from the study of the evolution of lice.

_________________________________________

5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 into Chinese.

_________________________________________

B

（天津题型）阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英文回答问题。

If your friends are happy, you will probably be happy too. Researchers who studied social networks of more than 5,000 people found that happiness partly depends on the mood of those around you.

Professor Nicholas Christakis from Harvard Medical School and Professor James Fowler from the University of California, San Diego, carried out the research. They found that groups of happy and unhappy people were visible in the networks. And the effect lasted for three degrees of separation. That means one person can benefit from the happiness of his friends’ friends.

It suggests having frequent contact with other people is more important for the spread of happiness rather than the depth of the relationship, the authors said. That is because the closer people are physically the more likely the happiness is to be passed on.

If you have a friend who lives within a mile (about 1.6km) and who becomes happy, it increases the probability that you will become happy by 25 percent. Similar effects are seen in spouses (配偶) who live together, siblings (兄弟姐妹) who live within a mile of each other and next-door neighbors.

The authors said happiness really spreads and the effect is not because happy people band together.

They suggest the way happiness spreads may be through copying of facial expressions.

Other explanations include that happy people might share their good fortune. They would be helpful or financially generous to others, or they would change their behavior towards others by being nicer.

The study was based on data collected in the Framingham Heart Study. In that study 5,124 adults aged 21-70 were followed between 1971 and 2003.

6. What’s the main idea of the article? (No more than 10 words)

_________________________________________

7. Please explain the word “visible” (in Paragraph 2) in English. (No more than 5 words)

_________________________________________

8. According to the article, how may happiness spread? (No more than 25 words)

_________________________________________

9. What made the scientists think having frequent contact with other people is more important for the spread of happiness, according to the article? (No more than 20 words)

_________________________________________

10. What can you do to make yourself happier according to the article? (No more than 15 words)

_________________________________________

C

匹配题（广东、浙江、安徽题型）：Mark，Jackie，Marsha，Tom和Jenny想找一部合适的电影看，11至15题是他们的情况介绍。阅读下面六个电影介绍与评论(A、B、C、D、E和F)，然后从选项中选出最适合他们的电影。选项中有一项是多余项。

11. Mark and his family are staying at home this Christmas vacation and he is trying to find some Christmas movies for the family to watch. Because he has 3 boys, he wants the movies to be funny, especially the ones about little kids.

12. Jackie likes watching movies from the stories of real people, because they are very inspiring. He firmly believes everyone can make a difference if they act like the heroes in the movies.

13. Marsha is a young girl in her early twenties. She loves old romantic movies, especially those starred by good-looking actors.

14. Tom’s flight is late and he feels bored. He wants to watch a movie for a laugh and to kill time. But he will be boarding in one hour and a half, so it’d better not be much longer than that.

15. Jenny is crazy about science fiction movies, especially those exploring the mind. She believes there are still too many things we do not know about our own brains.

A. The Blind Side

Cast: Sandra Bullock, Tim McGraw, Quinton Aaron

Director: Lee Hancock; Genre: Drama

Running Time: 2 hours 8 minutes

This is the one for the biopic (传记片) movie lovers. A movie on the life of Michael Jerome Oher, The Blind Side is the story of the American Footballer who played for Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. Featuring (特写) the story of the white men being the hero of the poor and black community, the movie has a smooth flow.

B. Con Air

Cast: Nicolas Cage, John Cusack, John Malkovich, Ving Rhames, Steve Buscemi

Director: Simon West; Genre: Suspense/Thriller

Running Time: 115 min.

War hero Cameron Poe is sentenced to eight years in prison when he accidentally kills a man while defending his pregnant wife. When his release (释放) comes through, he’s eager to see the daughter he’s never met. However, Poe’s flight is delayed, so he’s put aboard a flight taking ten of the most dangerous men to a new high-security prison. The problem is these people have a perfect plan to escape. How does the war hero fight to save his own life?

C. Inception

Cast: Leonardo DiCaprio, Ken Watanabe, Joseph Gordon-Levitt

Director: Christopher Nolan

Genre: Action/Adventure, SciFi/Fantasy

Running Time: 148 min.

Dom Cobb is a skilled thief, best at stealing valuable secrets from deep within the subconscious (潜意识) during the dream state when the mind is at its most vulnerable (脆弱的). Cobb’s ability has made him a wanted player in his time, but it has also made him an international fugitive (逃犯) and cost him everything he has ever loved. Now, Cobb is being offered a chance at a fresh start. One last job could give him his life back, but only if he can succeed at the impossible – inception.

D. Roman Holiday

Cast: Audrey Hepburn, Gregory Peck

Director: William Wyler; Genre: Drama, Romance

Running Time: 119 min.

A princess plays hooky (逃学) from her royal duties for 24 hours with a reporter. This is one of Hollywood’s most sweetly romantic films – a modern telling of the Cinderella story.

E. Home Alone

Cast: Macaulay Culkin, Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern, John Heard, Roberts Blossom

Director: Chris Columbus; Genre: Comedy, Family

Running Time: 103 min.

Home Alone is the highly successful and beloved family comedy about a young boy named Kevin who is left behind when his family takes off for a vacation in France over the holiday season. Once he realizes they’ve left him home alone, he learns to look after himself and, eventually has to protect his house against two burglars (窃贼) who are planning to rob every home in Kevin’s neighborhood.

F. Shrek Forever After

Cast: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews

Director: Mike Mitchell

Genre: Animation, Action/Adventure, Comedy

Running Time: 93 min.

After challenging an evil dragon, rescuing a beautiful princess and saving your in-laws’ kingdom, what’s an ogre (怪物) to do? Well, if you’re Shrek, you suddenly wind up a family man. Longing for the days when he felt like a “real ogre,” Shrek is cheated into signing a deal with the smooth-talking Rumpelstiltskin. Shrek suddenly finds himself in a twisted version of Far Far Away, where ogres are hunted, Rumpelstiltskin is king and Shrek and Fiona have never met.

D

表格填空题：

（江苏、安徽、湖南题型）请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

Cold weather during the busy Christmas period has interrupted travel and business across Europe.

George Monbiot, the Guardian newspaper’s environment reporter who is a global warming activist, received two silent phone calls, followed by a voice message. The woman who called had a soft, gentle voice. She said: “You are a liar, Mr Monbiot. You and all your lying colleagues. I’m going to make you pay back the money my son gave to your causes. It’s minus 18 ºC and my pipes have frozen. You liar. Is this your global warming?”

But Monbiot says the answer is “yes”. Scientists have blamed melting ice in the Arctic sea for the severe cold.

Sea ice in the Arctic has two main effects on the weather. Because it’s white, it bounces (反弹) back heat from the sun, preventing it from entering the sea. It also creates a barrier between the water and the atmosphere, reducing the amount of heat which escapes from the sea into the air.

In the autumns of 2009 and 2010 the coverage (覆盖) of Arctic sea ice was much lower than the long-term average. The open sea, being darker, absorbed (吸收) more heat from the sun in the warmer months. As it remained clear for longer than usual it also gave out more heat into the Arctic atmosphere. This changed the wind patterns in the northern hemisphere (半球). Then, the changing pressure patterns opened a door for cold air from the Arctic to go all the way into Europe, eastern China, and Washington DC, the UK’s Daily Mail newspaper reported.

Scientists believe the changes could explain why we have experienced such a cold December.

In future we are three times as likely to be hit by extremely cold winter months because of the changing climate.

Some scientists claimed it was too early to say if the freezing conditions this year and last year were caused by changes in the Arctic or if this will become the regular pattern.

Vladimir Petoukhov, who conducted a study at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact in Germany, told the Daily Mail that disappearing sea ice will have an unpredictable (不可预知的) impact on the climate. But as the ice continues to melt, the world will begin to have warmer than average winters.

Stefan Rahmstorf, professor of physics of the ocean at the Potsdam Institute, said: “If you look ahead 40 or 50 years, these cold winters will be getting warmer because, even though you are getting an inflow of cold polar air, that air mass is getting warmer because of the greenhouse effect. So it’s a short-term weather pattern. In the long run, global warming wins out.”

E

补全短文题：

（北京、海南、宁夏、新课标、辽宁题型）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Do you ever feel like you and your child are speaking two different languages? If so, you aren’t alone. Many parents struggle to communicate with their child. Even adults who work with children every day – teachers or coaches – sometimes need some communication tips.

26 Telling a child to do his homework or get more sleep isn’t really communication. It’s important information that your child needs, but it’s lacking an important part of communication. It’s lacking the two-way exchange of feelings and ideas. 27 The American Academy of Pediatrics states, “Healthy communication – the kind that builds a strong two-way bridge – is crucial in helping your child develop a healthy personality and good relationships with you and others. It gives your child a chance to become a happy, safe, healthy person, no matter what happens.”

28 Effective communication between parents and children is not always easy. Children and adults have different communication styles and different ways of responding in a conversation. The following tips are designed to make communication more successful.

Listen

Stop what you are doing and pay attention.

Don’t interrupt.

Reserve judgment until your child has finished and has asked you for a response.

Look

Be aware of your child’s facial expression and body language. Is your child nervous or uncomfortable – frowning, tapping a foot, looking at the clock? Or does your child seem relaxed – smiling, looking you in the eyes? 29

Respond

“I am very concerned about ...” or “I understand that it is sometimes difficult ...” are better ways to respond to your child than beginning sentences with “You should” or “If I were you”. Speaking for oneself sounds thoughtful and is less likely to be considered a lecture or an automatic response.

30 Repeat things to your child for confirmation.

A. True communication takes two people.

B. So you know it’s important, but how do you make it?

C. Make sure you understand what your child means.

D. Take a 5-minute break to calm down before continuing.

E. Don’t offer advice in response to every statement your child makes.

F. Reading these signs will help you know how your child is feeling.

G. Many times adults confuse communication with telling a child what to do.

F

（福建卷）短文填词：阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。

G

语法填空：

（广东、湖南题型）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或受用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

In ancient times, a king had a huge rock placed on a roadway. Then he hid himself and watched to see 41. ______ anyone would remove it. Some of the king’s wealthiest merchants and courtiers came by and 42. ______ (simple) walked around it. Many loudly blamed the king 43. ______ not keeping the roads clear, but 44. ______ did anything about getting the big stone out of the way. Then a farmer came along 45. ______ (carry) a load of vegetables. On approaching the rock, the farmer laid down his burden and tried to move the stone to the side of the road. 46. ______ great efforts, he succeeded. As the farmer picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road 47. ______ the rock had been. The purse contained many gold coins and 48. ______ note from the king saying that the gold was for the person who removed the rock from the roadway. The farmer learned 49. ______ many others never understand. Every obstacle 50. ______ (present) an opportunity to improve our condition.