教师讲授知识点时可联系同学们的实际生活设计导入环节,把枯燥的知识点变成有趣的导入,使学生既易于接受又易于记忆。比如教授人教版高一英语第二单元中curiosity这个知识点时,正值电影Curiosity kills the cat (《好奇害死猫》)热播时期,笔者了解到很多学生已经观看过这部电影,于是在课堂上设计了如下问答:
T: There is a new film named Curiosity kills the cat. Have you seen it?
S: Yes.
T: Why did you choose to see this film?
S: Because it’s a new film, and I was eager to know the plot.
T: So you were curious about the plot of the film, and your curiosity made you see the film Curiosity kills the cat, all right?
通过这个问答,学生们很快掌握了be curious about 这个短语的意思和用法,并且轻松地记住了curious的名词形式。
(2)以旧引新法
以旧引新法就是通过复习以前学过的知识导入新课,起到温故而知新的作用,“温故”是手段,“知新”是目的。教师可通过对比或提问唤起学生对已学知识的回忆,达到温故而知新的目的。例如人教版高一英语Module 3涉及到中国的七巧节,而我们正好在上节课的阅读训练中学了festivals and celebrations,于是笔者引导学生们回顾上节课所学到的各种节日,随后重点提出西方的Valentine’s Day,然后再过渡到中国的Valentine’s Day,即七巧节,自然流畅,水到渠成,既激发了学生的兴趣,又渗入了新知识,一举两得。
(3)悬念导入法
悬念导入法是激发学生思维的一种有效方法。教师导课时应鼓励学生主动参与语言实践,培养学生发现、思考、解决问题的能力。随着学生学习习惯的养成,教师还可以设计一些学生感兴趣的、与课本有关的、由浅至深的悬念式问题,引发学生思考,使学生迅速融入到课文的讨论中,产生一种“学习课本、了解详情”的欲望。比如人教版高一英语Module 3第二单元中阅读部分的标题为 Come and eat here,学生在上次课的warming-up中了解了健康饮食的相关概念,笔者便从标题入手,通过一系列问题掀起讨论的热潮,强化学生的探奇心理,逐步导入课文。设问如下 (学生的回答省):
Q1:From the title, what will be discussed in the reading?
Q2:Great, some of you have got the key to the story. It’s about healthy eating. It’s a story about two bosses of two different restaurants. Can you guess what happened between them?
Q3:You are full of imagination and make up various interesting stories. As some of you have guessed, Pengwei and Yonghui are competitors. But do you know the styles of their restaurants? Whose restaurant has a better business? How do they get along with each other? Wow ,so many questions are waiting for you. Take it easy. Just skim the story as soon as possible and you will be clear about everything.
我国古代教育家孔子曾说过:“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。”兴趣是推动人们求知的一种力量,学生更是如此,对于自己感兴趣的事物,总是力求认识它、研究它、想法获得它。谜语可以调动学生的积极性,每次猜谜,学生总是表现出极大的兴趣,踊跃举手发言,课堂气氛相当活跃,因此谜语无疑是一个很好的导入方法。如人教版高一英语Module 2第三单元谈的是电脑,阅读部分的标题是Who am I?因此,笔者便借助于Guess who am I? I have a square face and a big body; I am not a real person, but I can chat, laugh and cry; I am specially good at calculating; guess who am I?导入正文。
(3)表演导入法
人们说话时常伴着身势、表情,以加强情感表达,这是人们语言交谈的需要。在教学中,教师也可以借助非语言行为直观形象地帮助学生直接掌握英语知识。比如人教版高一英语Module 4第四单元的中心话题是身势语,笔者便让学生预先做好准备,用一套身势语表演一个幽默短剧,这既锻炼了学生的表演能力,又活跃了课堂氛围。人教版Module 2第四单元的的阅读部分是How Daisy learned to help wildlife,笔者便预先挑出五位学生分饰Daisy、a flying chair、an antelope、an elephant和a monkey在课上进行表演,这既训练了学生的语言表达能力,又满足了学生的表演欲,让学生们在不知不觉中爱上了英语,爱上了英语表演。