行为—建构主义
本文作者: 21ST
1.基本概念
行为主义认为学习就是强化建立刺激与反应之间的联结的链;教育者的目标在于传递客观世界的知识,学习者的目标是在这种传递过程中达到教育者所确定的目标,得到与教育者完全相同的理解。
建构主义是对行为主义的进一步发展,认为认识是由主体主动建构的,而不是从外界被动地吸收的,主体在认识过程中,不是去发现独立于他们头脑之外的知识世界,而是通过先前个人的经验世界重新组合,且建构一个新的认知结构,认识具有建构性。
2.研究文献
Bloomfield, L. (1942). Outline Guide for the Practical Study of Languages. Baltimore: LSA.
Carroll, J.B.(1953) The Study of Language. Cambridge, Mass: Hardford University Press.
Castagnaro, P. J (2006). Audiolingual method and Behaviorism: From Misunderstanding to Myth. Applied linguistics, 27 (3), 519-526.
Lightbown, P. & Spada, N. (1993). How language are learned. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Matthews, P. H. (1993). Grammatical Theory in the United States from Bloomfield to Chomsky. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3.网络资源
http://www1.oise.utoronto.ca/depts/ctl/facultystaff/profiles/
http://www.oup.com/bios/elt/lightbrown_pm/?cc=global
http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/staff/index.cfm?P=2328
http://web.umr.edu/~psyworld/structuralism.htm
http://www.gslis.utexas.edu/~palmquis/courses/structural.htm
http://www.educationatlas.com/behaviorism.html
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