1)同义词法:英语中表达相同意义的词汇很多,有的比较常见,属于初级词汇;有的稍难,要通过大量阅读才会掌握,属于较高级词汇。写作时使用常见词汇的较高级同义词或近义词会让文章增色许多。如,一般:My school is in the west of the city.高级:My school lies in the west of the city./ My school is located in the west of the city.
2)反义词法:有时还可以用高级的反义词来替换初级词汇。如,一般:You can easily remember these words if you use them everyday. 高级:You’ll have no trouble/difficulty remembering these words if you use them everyday.
3)同义结构替换法:英语中很多实用地道的短语,用在写作中可以让文章的味道更浓。如,thanks to, turn out, in spite of, as a result, as for, on the other hand, make it等。另外英语中还常用分词结构或介词短语结构来替代一些状语从句。如,一般:If the weather is fine, we’ll go climbing tomorrow. 高级:Weather permitting, we’ll go climbing tomorrow.
2)恰当使用复合句:如果一篇作文一律用简单句,犯错的几率会减小,但难免过于平淡。恰当正确地使用少量复合句,可以增强文章的色彩。一篇100字左右的文章,应尽量使用3个左右的复合句。如,简单句:A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital. 定语从句:The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.
3)恰当使用分词结构:分词结构做状语比用状语从句或并列句简练,尤其用来表示伴随时,可以让描写更加生动活泼。如:Feeling tired, I went to bed early.(= Because I felt tired, I went to bed early.)
1)主题句:写段落的第一步是确定主题句,也就是该段落的中心思想。主题句可以出现在段落开头、中间或结尾,也可以隐含于句子中。一般来说,段落以主题句开头更便于读者了解大意。主题句分为两部分,包括主题和自己的看法。如, Smoking is bad for health.其中smoking 是主题, is bad for health是自己的看法。
2)支撑句:主题句写好以后,要使用恰当的细节或例子来支撑它。一般一个主题句应该使用2-3个例子来加以说明或证明。如上文的主题句Smoking is bad for health,可以使用下列细节来支撑:Heavy smokers often suffer from lung diseases./Smoking gives people yellow teeth and bad breath./ People get addicted to smoking.支撑细节务必要紧扣主题,不能随意发挥。
3)统一性和连贯性:在选择支撑信息时,要注意必须围绕主题句,同时要使用恰当的连接词汇,保持上下文的连贯性,如first of all, also等词、短语的使用。