报刊教学
浅析高考英语书面表达
2007年高考英语试卷(福建)书面表达题要求考生就学生会倡议书的内容给某英文报社写一封信,叙述拟开展活动的内容并发表自己的看法。这一选题既贴近考生,又贴近生活,符合考生年龄特点和生活背景,使大部分考生有话可说,并有一定的自由发挥的空间。本次书面表达题既是对学生写作能力的考查,又体现了对思想情感教育的重视。 据今年笔者评出的仲裁卷抽样显示,写作得高分的佳作都有以下几个特点: 1.选词准确,表达清晰,文字通顺,语意连贯。体现出考生熟悉教材,能灵活运用所学语言知识的能力。 2.成功运用较复杂的语法结构来表达相对丰富的语意。 3.善用过渡词汇将整篇文章有机地连接起来。 4.结构严谨,条理清楚。 5.书写规范,卷面整洁。 下面结合这些佳作,谈谈高考英语书面表达得高分的技巧。 一、词汇丰富 2001年起高考英语书面表达的评分标准主要强调了要点齐全,使用较高级词汇,应用较多语法结构,尝试使用较复杂句式,有效使用词句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑等几个方面。从新的评分标准可知,运用丰富的词汇对提高书面表达分数至关重要。如: 1. The activity is good. 上句中划线部分可用meaningful, of great value, of significance, makes sense替换。 2.The Students’ Union suggests we send our used books, newspapers or magazines to the students in the lower grades. 其中suggests 可替换为appeals, advocates, calls on; 而send 可用donate, contribute, give away代替。 3. The activity will be held from June 10th to 20th. 此句中划线部分可用“be fixed / scheduled on”替换,如: The time of this activity is fixed / scheduled on June 10th and it will last ten days. 二、句式变通 正确使用较复杂结构的句子说明考生已具备较强的语言表达能力。书面表达题要得到高分,掌握一些地道、标准的句子结构很有必要。运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少,从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。熟悉并掌握被动语态、强调句、伴随状语、倒装句、后置定语、非限制性定语从句等句子结构是得高分的必不可少的技巧。例如: 1. The activity can not only promote friendship but also encourage economy. 同义句:Not only can the activity promote friendship but also it can encourage economy. 2. We hold the activity to promote friendship and encourage economy. 同义句:We hold the activity with the purpose of promoting friendship and encouraging economy. 3. We all think the activity is meaningful. 同义句:There is no doubt /denying that it is a meaningful activity. 4. By giving away the books, we pass on our knowledge and love. 同义句:With the books given away, we pass on our knowledge and love at the same time. 三、衔接自然 用好各种连接词,对写出一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要。要使文章连贯、流畅,就要准确恰当地使用各种表达因果、递进、转折、顺序等方面的连接词,以及丰富的词汇和句子结构。例如: 1. It is widely acknowledged that only by recycling the useful resources can we enjoy a better life. What’s more, we hope to call for wide public concern through this activity about environmental protection.(表递进) 2. The activity can not only put our used materials to better use but also do good to our conscience of economy. (表并列)Meanwhile,through this activity, we are able to strengthen the friendship between us and our schoolmates. (表并列)In a word, I believe it is an attractive activity of great significance.(表总结) 3. The suggestion is thought highly of around our school. More importantly, it is of great help to promote our friendship as well as encourage economy. (表递进) 四、书写规范 高考试卷评分原则中规定:“如书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。” 在高考阅卷时,每位老师要批阅大量考生的书面表达,容易产生疲劳。 如果书写不规范,卷面不整洁会直接影响考生的得分。相比之下,清新明朗的卷子会使人觉得神清气爽,不仅具有美感,而且会给阅卷老师形成良好的印象,同等条件将更有可能获得较高的得分。 当然,提高书面表达的得分技巧远不止这些,考生更应在平常的训练中注意提高写作方面的知识和能力,积累一定数量的常用句型、惯用语、词组,而且要善于使用它们。惟有见多才能识广,运用多种方法多写多练,就一定能写出优秀的英语作文,在高考中取得成功。