学生在学习新知识的时候,必然以学过的知识为基础,这就要求教师努力挖掘新旧知识的相互联系,介绍新知识时,必须从已知到未知。以人教版初中英语第一册L.111为例,本课是在已学过的How do you usually go to school?句型基础上,学习How does he/she usually go to school?在开始上课时,教师先带领学生进行如下的复习性练习:
T: How do you usually go to school?
S1: I usually go to school....
T: What about you (S2)?
S2: I usually go to school...
……
等学生们能够用这一句型较熟练地进行对话后,教师呈现本课的新句型:What does S1/S2... usually go to school?根据学过的知识,学生能够给出正确答案。此类的课堂导入给人一种水到渠成的感觉。尽管如此,教师也应尽量考虑词语和句子的整体呈现,将教材内容化难为易,引旧联新。
学生对教师都充满崇拜之情,他们很想了解老师的一切。当教师在自我介绍时,他们会非常专心地听。如果学生们的好奇心一旦得到满足,好奇心就能转变为学习动机。以人教版初中英语第一册L.103为例,本课的主要句型是:What does he/she do?教师以自我介绍的形式呈现这一句型。There are three people in my family. My daughter is a..., she studies in a ... 这种呈现方式不仅可以在较短的时间内,进一步拉近学生和教师之间的距离,同时又可以巧妙地呈现新课内容,引起学生对新知识的渴求。
I have a friend in my class. She is a nice girl. She is tall and thin. She has long black hair. Her eyes are big and black. Her mouth is small. She is wearing a red coat. Can you guess who she is? 学生的热情很高,争先恐后地要进行猜测,其实这位同学的平时表现并不突出,但老师以她为模特,令她特别兴奋。这种呈现方式不仅使学生处于积极、主动的状态,而且使他们玩中有学,乐有所得。教师在用游戏呈现的过程中可以利用学习动机的迁移,因势利导地把学生对游戏的兴趣转移到学习上来,激发学习新知识的强烈欲望。